All persons or entities who, during the class period, directly entered into U.S. dollar-denominated SSA bond transactions with Defendants, or their respective subsidiaries or affiliates, in the United States or its territories or otherwise involving U.S. trade or commerce.

Any and all supranational, sovereign, sub-sovereign, governmental, quasigovernmental, and agency bonds or debt instruments regardless of the structure, currency, or credit quality. The term “SSA Bonds” excludes bonds issued by sovereign nations in the sovereign’s domestic currency, including, but not limited to, U.S. Treasury bonds or U.K. gilts.

This antitrust class action concerns Defendants collusive activities to fix the prices of SSA bonds sold to and purchased from investors in the secondary market.

SSA Bond Antitrust Litigation:

This antitrust class action concerns Defendants collusive activities to fix the prices of SSA bonds sold to and purchased from investors in the secondary market. SSA bonds are issued by a variety of international entities, including, among others: provinces and states; regional development banks; infrastructure borrowers such as highway and bridge authorities; social security funds; export creditors; and rail sector entities. International issuers sometimes issue their debt in currencies different from their local currency, including U.S. dollars, to take advantage of potentially lower all-in funding costs, as well as to broaden the potential pool of investors to which these bonds can be sold.